Benign. opposite of malignant; benign tumors are unlikely to spread, unlikely to cause the death of a patient and have a favorable outcome (however, there are a few exceptions where benign tumors behave more like malignant ones).
Bile duct cystadenoma and cystadenocarcinoma. A cystic tumour either benign (cystadenoma) or malignant (cystadenocarcinoma), lined by epithelium with papillary infoldings that may be mucus-secreting or, less frequently, serous. Lesions arise from ducts proximal to the hilum of the liver. They differ from tumours that arise in cystic congenital malformation and in parasitic infections and hepatolithiasis.
Biologic behavior. This refers to how a tumor is likely to behave (for example, how likely it is to metastasize, where are the common sites of metastasis and how invasive is it at the site where it starts).
Biopsy. "The removal and examination, usually microscopic, of tissue from the living body, performed to establish a precise diagnosis"; when we "biopsy" something, it means that we remove a piece of tissue to look at under the microscope (we also use the term to refer to the sample we have obtained); a biopsy is crucial in making a diagnosis of cancer.
Bone marrow biopsy. A bone marrow biopsy is used to determine if a person has a blood disorder or a blood cancer, including leukemia and multiple myeloma. It can also be used to find out if a cancer that originated in another part of the body has spread to the bone marrow. The doctor uses a large, rigid needle to go through a bone, often the back of the hip bone, and into the marrow in order to gather a sample. A core biopsy of the bone may also be performed at the same time.
Breast cancer; is called ductal carcinoma of the breast or mammary ductal carcinoma. Here, the adjective ductal refers to the appearance of the cancer under the microscope, resembling normal breast ducts.
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