The terms used to describe cancer in word list; T
Tamoxifen. A medicine that stops estrogen from reaching hormone receptors on cancers.
Thomas Beatson; graduated from the University of Edinburgh in 1874 and developed an interest in the relation of the ovaries to milk formation in the breasts, probably because he grew up near a large sheep farm in rural Scotland. In 1878 he discovered that the breasts of rabbits stopped producing milk after he removed the ovaries.
Tobacco smoking; is associated with many forms of cancer, and causes 90% of lung cancer.
Transformation: The concept that a low-grade tumor transforms to a high-grade tumor over time. Example: Richter's transformation.
Tubular adenoma. An adenoma in which branching tubules surrounded by lamina propria comprise at least 80% of the tumour.
Tubulovillous adenoma. An adenoma composed of both tubular and villous structures, each comprising more than 20% of the tumour.
Tumour (tumor). Literally, it means "a swelling"; an alternative definition is "a new growth of tissue in which the multiplication of cells is uncontrolled and progressive"; synonym: neoplasm.
Tumour margins. There are three possible findings when the biopsy sample is the entire tumour : Positive margins mean that cancer cells are found at the edge of the material removed, Negative; not involved, clear, or free margins mean that no cancer cells are found at the outer edge, Close margins are neither negative nor positive.
Tumours of the anal canal. Tumours that arise from or are predominantly located in the anal canal. The most frequent neoplams of this region are human papilloma virus (HPV-)associated squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas.
Tumour suppressor genes; are then inactivated in cancer cells, resulting in the loss of normal functions in those cells, such as accurate DNA replication, control over the cell cycle, orientation and adhesion within tissues, and interaction with protective cells of the immune system.
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