Hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses. Liver cancer can develop after many years of infection with hepatitis B or hepatitis C.
Hepatoblastoma. A malignant embryonal tumour with divergent patterns of differentiation, ranging from cells resembling fetal epithelial hepatocytes, to embryonal cells, and differentiated tissues including osteoid-like material, fibrous connective tissue and striated muscle fibers.
Hepatocellular carcinoma. A malignant tumour derived from hepatocytes. Most common aetiological factors are viral infections (HBV, HCV), dietary aflatoxin B1 ingestion and chronic alcohol abuse.
Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC, Lynch syndrome). is an autosomal dominant disorder, characterized by the development of colorectal carcinoma, endometrial carcinoma,and cancer of the small intestine, ureter, or renal pelvis.
High-grade intraepithelial neoplasia. A mucosal change with cytologic and architectural features of malignancy but without evidence of invasion into the stroma. It includes lesions termed severe dysplasia and carcinoma in situ.
Hyperplastic polyposis. Multiple or large hyperplastic (metaplastic) polyps of the large intestine, typically located proximally, and often exhibiting familial clustering.
Hippocrates (460-370 B.C.). A Greek physician. He used the Greek words, carcinos and carcinoma to describe tumours, thus calling cancer "karkinos." The Greek terms actually were words to describe a crab, which Hippocrates thought a tumor resembled. Although Hippocrates may have named "Cancer," he was certainly not the first to discover the disease. The history of cancer actually begins much earlier.
Hormone receptors; tiny areas like ears on cells that listen and respond to signals from hormones.
Hormone therapy; is standard treatment for some types of cancers that are hormone-dependent and grow faster in the presence of particular hormones. These include cancer of the prostate, breast, and uterus. Hormone therapy involves blocking the production or action of these hormones.
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HIV is the virus that causes AIDS. People who have HIV infection are at greater risk of cancer, such as lymphoma and a rare cancer called Kaposi's sarcoma.
Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8). This virus is a risk factor for Kaposi's sarcoma.
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs). HPV infection is the main cause of cervical cancer. It also may be a risk factor for other types of cancer.
Human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus (HTLV-1). Infection with HTLV-1 increases a person's risk of lymphoma and leukemia.
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