Image-guided biopsy. An image-guided biopsy is a procedure in which the doctor uses imaging technology, such as ultrasound, fluoroscopy, CT scan, x-ray, or MRI scan, to determine the exact location from which the tissue sample will be removed for analysis.
Immunotherapy; uses the body's own immune system to destroy cancer cells. This form of treatment is being intensively studied in clinical trials and is not yet widely available to most cancer patients.
Incisional biopsy; removes a piece of the suspicious area for examination. An incisional biopsy may be used for soft tissue tumors, such as those arising from muscle or fat, to distinguish between benign lumps and cancerous tumors called sarcomas.
In situ. A cancer that stays inside the part of the breast where it started; it usually does not spread.
Intestinal T-cell lymphoma. A peripheral T-cell lymphoma arising in the intestine, usually as a complication of coeliac disease (gluten sensitive enteropathy), histologically characterised by differentiation towards the intestinal intraepithelial T-cell phenotype.
Intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas. An intraductal papillary mucin-producing neoplasm, arises in the main pancreatic duct or its major branches. The papillary epithelium component, and the degree of mucin secretion, cystic duct dilatation, and invasiveness are variable. Intraductal papillary-mucin neoplasms are divided into benign, borderline, and malignant non-invasive or invasive lesions.
Intraepithelial neoplasia (dysplasia); associated with chronic inflammatory diseases. A neoplastic glandular epithelial proliferation occurring in a patient with a chronic inflammatory bowel disease, but with macroscopic and microscopic features that distinguish it from an adenoma, e.g. patchy distribution of dysplasia and poor circumscription.
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. An intrahepatic malignant tumour composed of cells resembling those of bile ducts. Intrahepatic (or peripheral) cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) arises from any portion of the intrahepatic bile duct epithelium, i.e. from intrahepatic large bile ducts (the segmental and area ducts and their finer branches) or intrahepatic small bile ducts. Cholangiocarcinoma arising from the right and left hepatic ducts at or near their junction is called hilar cholangiocarcinoma and is considered an extrahepatic lesion.
Intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT); is a form of treatment that delivers radiation at the time of surgery directly to the cancer or the adjacent tissues after the cancer has been removed. It is more commonly used in abdominal or pelvic cancers and in cancers that have a tendency to return.
Invasive. A cancer that spreads beyond the place where it started.
Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC). A cancer that begins in the milk duct but grows into the normal breast tissue around it.
Invasive Lobular Carcinoma (ILC). A cancer that starts inside the milkmaking gland, but grows into the normal breast tissue around it.
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