The terms used to describe cancer in word list; S
Screening. A test done on healthy people to detect tumors before they become apparent. A mammogram is a screening test.
Sarcoma. "A tumour made up of a substance like the embryonic connective tissue"; sarcomas are malignant tumors of connective tissue origin (such as cartilage, bone and muscle).
Secondary tumours of the liver. Malignant neoplasms metastasized to the liver from extrahepatic primary tumours.
Serous cystadenocarcinoma. A malignant cystic epithelial neoplasm composed of glycogen-rich cells.
Serous cystic pancreatic tumours. Are cystic epithelial neoplasms composed of glycogen-rich, ductular-type epithelial cells that produce a watery fluid similar to serum. Most are benign (serous cystadenomas), either serous microcystic adenoma or serous oligocystic adenoma. Only very rare cases exhibit signs of malignancy (serous cystadenocarcinoma).
Serous microcystic adenoma. A benign neoplasm composed of numerous small cysts lined by uniform glycogen-rich cuboidal epithelial cells, disposed around a central stellate scar.
Serous oligocystic adenoma. A benign neoplasm composed of few, relatively large cysts, lined by uniform glycogen-rich cuboidal epithelial cells.
Serrated adenoma. An adenoma composed of saw-toothed glands
Signet-ring cell carcinoma. An adenocarcinoma in which the predominant component (more than 50%) is composed of isolated malignant cells containing intracytoplasmic mucin.
Solid-pseudopapillary neoplasm. A usually benign neoplasm with predominant
manifestation in young women, composed of monomorphic cells forming solid and pseudopapillary structures, frequently showing haemorrhagic-cystic changes and variably expressing epithelial, mesenchymal and endocrine markers.
Southern blot hybridization, detects specific DNA fragments.
Staging. This term refers to the process of determining how advanced a cancer is and if it has spread; we "stage" an animal through the use of tests such as x-rays, ultrasound, blood work, lymph nodes aspirates and bone marrow aspirates; this is helpful because it allows us to determine the best treatment options and to predict the outcome of treatment.
Stephen Paget (An English surgeon); devised a theory on cancer growth referred to as the "seed and soil theory". He theorized that metastatic tumor cells are like seeds, evenly distributed throughout the body through the bloodstream, but only grow in the organ (‘soil’) they find compatible. This laid the groundwork for a true understanding of metastasis.
Surgery; is the removal of a visible tumor and is the most frequently used cancer treatment. It is most effective when a cancer is small and confined to one area of the body.
Surgical biopsy. Unlike the needle methods described above, in a surgical biopsy, a surgeon makes an incision in the skin and removes some or all of the suspicious tissue. It is often used after a needle biopsy shows cancer cells, or it can be used as the first method to obtain tissue for diagnosis. There are two main categories of surgical biopsies.
Surgical excision. The removal of a tumour by a surgeon.
Surgical margins. The evaluation by a pathologist of the edges of the tissue removed by the surgeon to determine if the tumor was removed completely ("negative margins") or if tumor was left behind ("positive margins").
Small cell carcinoma. A malignant epithelial tumour similar in morphology,immunophenotype and behaviour to small cell carcinoma of the lung.
Stage. A number (usually on a scale of 4) established by the oncologist to describe the degree of invasion of the body by the tumor.
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