Eat well. A healthy diet includes plenty of foods that are high in fiber, vitamins, and minerals. This includes whole-grain breads and cereals and 5 to 9 servings of fruits and vegetables every day. Also, a healthy diet means limiting foods high in fat (such as butter, whole milk, fried foods, and red meat).
Endocrine tumours of the oesophagus. are rare and include carcinoid (well differentiated endocrine neoplasm), small cell carcinoma (poorly differentiated endocrine carcinoma), and mixed endocrine-exocrine carcinoma.
Endocrine tumours of the small intestine. exhibit site-related differences, depending on their location in the duodenum and proximal jejunum or in the distal jejunum and ileum. They include carcinoid tumours (well differentiated neoplasms of the diffuse endocrine system), small cell carcinomas (poorly differentiated endocrine neoplasms) identical to small cell carcinomas of the lung and malignant large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas.
Endocrine tumours of the stomach. Most endocrine tumours of the stomach are well differentiated, nonfunctioning enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cell carcinoids arising from oxyntic mucosa in the corpus or fundus. Three distinct types have are recognized: (1) Type I, associated with autoimmune chronic atrophic gastritis (A-CAG); (2) type II, associated with muliple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN-1) and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES); type III, sporadic, i.e. not associated with hypergastrinaemia or A-CAG.
Endoscopic biopsy. Endoscopes are tubes with cameras that doctors use to view the inside of body, including the bladder, abdomen, joints, or gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Endoscopes can be inserted through the mouth or a tiny surgical incision.
Endoscopic ultrasonography. is used to evaluate both depth of tumour infiltration and para-oesophageal lymph node involvement in early and advanced stages of the disease {1509, 1935}.
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Infection with EBV has been linked to an increased risk of lymphoma.
ER-negative. A cancer that does not have estrogen receptors.
ER-positive. A cancer that has estrogen receptors.
Excisional biopsy; removes the entire lump. An excisional biopsy, which was more common prior to the development of fine needle aspiration, may be used for enlarged lymph nodes or breast lumps or in situations where the lump is small enough to be easily completely removed in one procedure.
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