Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by numerous adenomatous colorectal polyps that have an intrinsic tendency to progress to adenocarcinoma. It is caused by a germline mutation in the Adenomatous Polyposis Coli (APC) gene which is located on the long arm of chromosome 5 (5q21-22). Gardner syndrome is a variant of FAP that includes epidermoid cysts, osteomas, dental anomalies and desmoid tumours, in addition to colorectal adenomas. Turcot syndrome is a variant that is associated with a brain tumour (medulloblastoma). An attenuated FAP form has been distinguished from classic FAP, where the number of adenomas is less than 100 in the colon.
Fine needle aspiration biopsy. A fine needle biopsy may be the first type of biopsy done on tumors that can be felt by the doctor. The doctor uses a very thin, hollow needle in a syringe to gather a small amount of fluid and cells from the suspicious area.
Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH); determines the positions of particular genes. It can be used to identify chromosomal abnormalities and to map genes.
Frances Peyton Rous (1879–1970). In 1910, He isolated a virus from a cancer in chickens (a sarcoma) that caused new sarcomas to develop when infected into healthy chickens. Rous's work languished for over 50 years until he was awarded a Nobel Prize in 1966. By this time, methods for the study of viruses and cancer had improved considerably and many new animal derived viruses were found to cause cancer in a range of species.
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