The terms used to describe cancer in word list; P
Palliative surgery. is aimed at curing the symptoms, not the cancer. Usually, in such cases, the tumor is so large or has spread so much, that removing the entire tumor is not an option.
Pancreatoblastoma. A malignant epithelial tumour, generally affecting young children, composed of well-defined solid nests of cells with acinar formations and squamoid corpuscles, separated by stromal bands. Acinar differentiation prevails, often associated with lesser degrees of endocrine or ductal differentiation.
(A) pathology report; is a document that contains the diagnosis determined by examining cells and tissues under a microscope. The report may also contain information about the size, shape, and appearance of a specimen as it looks to the naked eye. This information is known as the gross description.
(A) pathologist; is a doctor who does this examination and writes the pathology report. Pathology reports play an important role in cancer diagnosis and staging (describing the extent of cancer within the body, especially whether it has spread), which helps determine treatment options.
Percivall Pott; of London in 1775 described an occupational cancer of the scrotum in chimney sweeps caused by soot collecting under their scrotum. This led to identification of a number of occupational carcinogenic exposures and public health measures to reduce cancer risk.
Peutz-Jeghers polyp. A hamartomatous polyp composed of branching bands of smooth muscle covered by normal-appearing or hyperplastic glandular mucosa indigenous to the site.
Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS). is an inherited cancer syndrome with autosomal dominant trait, characterized by mucocutaneous melanin pigmentation and hamartomatous intestinal polyposis, preferentially affecting the small intestine. Associated extra-intestinal neoplasms are less common and include tumours of the ovary, uterine cervix, testis, pancreas and breast.
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR); is a method of making many copies of particular DNA sequences of relevance to the diagnosis.
Positive margins; means that cancer cells come up to the edge of the normal tissue around the tumor.
(Real-time) PCR or (quantitative) PCR; is a method of measuring how many copies of a particular DNA sequence are present.
Polyp. A generic term for any excrescence or growth protruding above a mucous membrane. Polyps can be pedunculated or sessile, and are readily seen by macroscopic examination or conventional endoscopy.
Pre-cancerous; A tumor that is not considered a cancer; it is a warning sign that you may get cancer in the future.
Preventive surgery. Preventive or prophylactic surgery involves removal of an abnormal looking area that is likely to become malignant over time. For example, about 40% of the people with a colon disease known as ulcerative colitis, ultimately die of colon cancer. Rather than live with the fear of developing colon cancer, these people may choose to have their colons removed and reduce the risk significantly.
Prognosis. The probability of cure after the therapy. It is usually expressed as a probability of survival five years after diagnosis. Alternatively, it can be expressed as the number of years when 50% of the patients are still alive. Both numbers are derived from statistics accumulated with hundreds of similar patients to give a Kaplan-Meier curve.
Protocol. They usually use this term to refer to the specific chemotherapy plan that is used (for example, the "Weekly Sequential protocol" is what we commonly use for treating lymphosarcoma); it can also refer to the overall treatment plan.
No comments:
Post a Comment